Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2023

Published: January 31, 2024

Key Takeaways:

High completion rates reflect construction regaining momentum after COVID
The world has a new second-tallest building
Shenzhen now has 1 out of every 14 of the world’s buildings over 200 meters
Eighteen cities got a new tallest building

2023 was a record-breaking year for tall building completions, with 179 buildings of 200 meters or greater in height completing.

This is up 14.7 percent from 2022, which had 156 such completions. Globally, the world has amassed a total of 2,297 two-hundred-meter-plus buildings and 236 supertall (300 meters and taller) buildings through 2023. For perspective, the first 100 of these supertall buildings were completed by 2015, and the other 136 were built in the seven years since. Additionally, the first 1,000 buildings of 200 meters and greater in height were completed by 2015, a figure that has now more than doubled.

NOTE: This report reflects completion statistics as of the end of 2023. Data will be continuously updated as CTBUH confirms more building completions throughout 2024. The last building to be updated on this page was on September 3, 2024.

Completions Timeline

Interactive graphic: please hover over columns to explore further.

The tallest building to complete in 2023 was Merdeka 118, in Kuala Lumpur, at 678.9 meters. This is the fourth time that Kuala Lumpur has completed the tallest building of the year since 1990, with its last record-holding building being Menara TM, 310 meters, which was completed in 2001. Kuala Lumpur now has 62 buildings of 200 meters or greater in height since its first, Menara Maybank, completed in 1988.

The record 179 completions represents a full 9.8% jump from the previous record of 163 completions set in 2018.

2023 Completions List

Rank	Name	City	Floors	m	ft
1	Merdeka 118	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	118	678.9	2227
2	Wuhan Greenland Center	Wuhan, China	101	475.6	1560
3	Ping An Finance Center Tower 1	Jinan, China	63	360	1181
4	Huiyun Center	Shenzhen, China	80	359.2	1178
= 5	Il Primo Tower	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	79	356	1168
= 5	Galaxy World Tower 1	Shenzhen, China	71	356	1168
= 5	Galaxy World Tower 2	Shenzhen, China	71	356	1168
8	Uptown Tower	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	77	333.4	1094
9	Wuhan Yangtze River Shipping Center	Wuhan, China	65	330	1083
10	Mori JP Tower	Tokyo, Japan	65	327.2	1073
11	Huaqiang Golden Corridor City Plaza Main Tower	Shenyang, China	66	327	1073
12	The Brooklyn Tower	New York City, United States	74	315.3	1034
13	Greenland Hangzhou Century Center South Tower	Hangzhou, China	64	303.7	996
14	Greenland Hangzhou Century Center North Tower	Hangzhou, China	64	303.3	995
15	Guangdong Landmark Building	Shenzhen, China	62	303.1	994
16	The Assima Tower	Kuwait City, Kuwait	65	301.6	990
17	One Za'abeel The Tower	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	68	301.4	989
18	Luminary Tower	Jakarta, Indonesia	64	301.2	988
= 19	Lusail Plaza Tower 3	Doha, Qatar	66	300.6	986
= 19	Lusail Plaza Tower 4	Doha, Qatar	66	300.6	986
21	Lokhandwala Minerva	Mumbai, India	78	300.5	986
22	Taizhou Tiansheng Center	Taizhou, China	66	299	981
23	Yachthouse by Pininfarina Tower 2	Balneário Camboriú, Brazil	80	294.1	965
24	Yachthouse by Pininfarina Tower 1	Balneário Camboriú, Brazil	80	294	965
25	Haikou World Trade Center	Haikou, China	55	288	945
26	Xinchu Qingtian Plaza Tower 2	Changsha, China	62	285.8	938
= 27	Two Manhattan West	New York City, United States	58	285	935
= 27	Hangzhou Chengbei MixC	Hangzhou, China	58	285	935
= 27	Zhenru Center	Shanghai, China	53	285	935
30	Axiom One	Shanghai, China	50	284.9	935
31	Forte Tower 1	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	74	281.3	923
32	One Century (Wangchao Center)	Hangzhou, China	54	280	919
33	One City Centre	Bangkok, Thailand	61	275.8	905
= 34	Bloomsvale Vinca	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	66	270	886
= 34	Bloomsvale Verbena	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	66	270	886
= 36	Grande Signature Residences	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	78	267	876
= 36	Capital Tower 1	Moscow, Russia	61	267	876
= 36	Capital Tower 2	Moscow, Russia	61	267	876
= 36	Capital Tower 3	Moscow, Russia	61	267	876
40	Sixth & Guadalupe	Austin, United States	66	266.7	875
41	Nest One	Tashkent, Uzbekistan	51	266.5	874
42	Toranomon Hills Station Tower	Tokyo, Japan	49	266	873
43	Riyad Bank Tower	Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	53	264	866
44	Puyang Building	Wuhan, China	58	263.2	864
= 45	China Resources Shenrun Building	Shenzhen, China	54	262	860
= 45	Window of Shaanxi International Sports	Xi’an, China	54	262	860
47	Fisherman's Wharf Shekou T1	Shenzhen, China	57	261	856
= 48	The Address Residences Dubai Opera Tower 1	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	65	260	853
= 48	Wuhan China Resources Center Tower 1	Wuhan, China	55	260	853
= 48	CITIC Urban Development Building	Shenzhen, China	54	260	853
51	FIVE Beach	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	56	258.8	849
52	Huaying Center	Nanchang, China	59	258	846
53	Salesforce Tower	Chicago, United States	60	254.6	835
54	Grand Hyatt Kunming	Kunming, China	57	251	823
55	Foshan Entrepreneur Tower	Foshan, China	53	250.5	822
56	Mohammed VI Tower	Salé, Morocco	55	250	820
57	China Horoy Yicheng Center Tower 1	Shenzhen, China	55	247.6	812
58	Burj Al Mana	Doha, Qatar	57	247.4	812
= 59	Aykon City Phase 2	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	62	246	807
= 59	DAMAC Maison de Ville Hotel	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	62	246	807
61	China Resources Land Plaza Tower 1	Jinan, China	53	245.7	806
62	Shekou Prince Bay - Ruixi Residences	Shenzhen, China	59	244	801
63	Greentown Excellence Aoxuan City Tower A	Hangzhou, China	70	240.1	788
= 64	Mahall Bomonti Izmir	Izmir, Türkiye	58	240	787
= 64	China Horoy Yicheng Center Tower 2	Shenzhen, China	55	240	787
= 64	Hangzhou International Office Center A2.1	Hangzhou, China	51	240	787
= 64	Hangzhou International Office Center A2.2	Hangzhou, China	51	240	787
68	The Unicorn	Bangkok, Thailand	51	239.7	786
69	Greentown Excellence Aoxuan City Tower B	Hangzhou, China	66	239.5	786
= 70	West Side Place Tower D	Melbourne, Australia	72	239	784
= 70	Walton Mansion	Shenzhen, China	67	239	784
72	One Za'abeel The Residences	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	59	238.3	782
73	Changchun Longxiang IBC Tower 1	Changchun, China	55	238	781
74	China Venture Capital Building A	Shenzhen, China	52	237.8	780
75	Azabudai Hills Residence A	Tokyo, Japan	54	237.2	778
76	Imperial Lexis KLCC	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	55	236.2	775
= 77	Arte Cheras Mono Tower	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	85	235	771
= 77	Arte Cheras Charms Tower	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	85	235	771
= 77	La Maison by Fendi Casa	Panama City, Panama	69	235	771
80	Suzhou Xingli Hotel	Suzhou, China	57	233.9	767
81	Shunde Rural Bank Headquarters	Foshan, China	49	233.4	766
82	Shangri-La by the Gardens	Melbourne, Australia	59	231.6	760
83	Zhenjiang Rural Commercial Bank HQ	Zhenjiang, China	–	231.3	759
84	Sugar Wharf Tower G	Toronto, Canada	70	230.2	755
= 85	West Side Place Tower C	Melbourne, Australia	70	230	755
= 85	The Address Residences Dubai Opera Tower 2	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	55	230	755
87	Logan Tianjin Plaza Tower 1	Foshan, China	58	229.1	752
88	Zhuhai Shizimen Convention Center Phase 2, Tower A	Zhuhai, China	45	228	748
89	Jiaojiang Chamber of Commerce Building A	Taizhou, China	50	227.4	746
90	Shenzhen Science and Technology City Tower A	Shenzhen, China	–	225.8	741
= 91	Salsette 27 Tower A	Mumbai, India	64	225.1	739
= 91	Salsette 27 Tower B	Mumbai, India	64	225.1	739
= 91	Ruiwan Tower	Shenzhen, China	50	225.1	739
= 94	Trion @ Kuala Lumpur, Block A	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	66	225	738
= 94	Trion @ Kuala Lumpur, Block B	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	66	225	738
= 94	Maven at Capitol Commons	Pasig, Philippines	62	225	738
= 94	Tokyu Kabukicho Tower	Tokyo, Japan	48	225	738
= 94	Inxignia	Puebla, Mexico	45	225	738
99	Fontainebleau Las Vegas	Las Vegas, United States	67	224	735
100	Zhengrong Meixi Zique Terrace Tower 2	Changsha, China	55	223.8	734
101	Boya Times Center	Hangzhou, China	50	223	732
102	KK TIME Tower 1	Shenzhen, China	53	222.6	730
103	YY Huanju Building	Guangzhou, China	43	222.1	729
104	Vakif Bank Headquarters Tower 1	Istanbul, Türkiye	43	221.3	726
= 105	Indiabulls Sky Suites	Mumbai, India	52	220	722
= 105	Wuhan Kunyu International Center	Wuhan, China	51	220	722
= 105	China Merchants Center	Ganzhou, China	47	220	722
= 105	Wuhan Hong Kong Center A	Wuhan, China	47	220	722
= 109	Istanbul International Finance Center Ziraat Tower I	Istanbul, Türkiye	46	219.2	719
= 109	Yuexiu International Financial Center Tower A	Guangzhou, China	43	219.2	719
= 111	Yonghe Plaza Tower A	Kunming, China	48	218.9	718
= 111	Yonghe Plaza Tower B	Kunming, China	48	218.9	718
113	Sugar Wharf Tower F	Toronto, Canada	66	218.4	717
= 114	Sky City at Borivali Tower B	Mumbai, India	64	218	715
= 114	Sky City at Borivali Tower A	Mumbai, India	64	218	715
= 114	Sky City at Borivali Tower C	Mumbai, India	64	218	715
= 114	Sky City at Borivali Tower D	Mumbai, India	64	218	715
118	Jinjiang Cultural and Creative Industry Center Phase I	Chengdu, China	47	217.6	714
119	New Star Center Tower 1	Dalian, China	51	216	709
= 120	Lusail Plaza Tower 1	Doha, Qatar	46	215.6	707
= 120	Lusail Plaza Tower 2	Doha, Qatar	46	215.6	707
= 122	Century Centre	Hefei, China	51	215	705
= 122	Mira 3-Chome 4-Chome Redevelopment 1	Tokyo, Japan	42	215	705
124	180 George North Tower	Parramatta, Australia	66	213	699
125	Beaudry	Los Angeles, United States	64	211.7	695
= 126	Sanyang Road Station Tower 2	Wuhan, China	46	211.4	694
= 126	Chow Tai Fook Headquarters North Tower	Shenzhen, China	43	211.4	694
128	Winthrop Center	Boston, United States	53	211.3	693
129	Nimrodi Tower	Bnei Brak, Israel	52	211.2	693
130	Landmark International Innovation Center Tower 2	Chengdu, China	45	211	692
131	Aspire Melbourne	Melbourne, Australia	65	210.6	691
= 132	UNO Melbourne	Melbourne, Australia	65	210	689
= 132	Mercure Hotel, Trion @ KL	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	56	210	689
= 132	Indiabulls Sky Forest	Mumbai, India	51	210	689
= 132	Tangxia Village Project	Guangzhou, China	48	210	689
= 132	Aspire Tower	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	48	210	689
= 132	Kingdee Tower	Shenzhen, China	44	210	689
138	Haikou China Resources Center Tower 2	Haikou, China	46	209	686
139	Halk Bank Headquarters Tower 1	Istanbul, Türkiye	46	208	682
140	Huaqiang Science & Technology Plaza	Shenzhen, China	46	207.6	681
= 141	Orix Towers East	Dalian, China	42	207.1	679
= 141	Orix Towers West	Dalian, China	42	207.1	679
143	Huafa Plaza 1	Zhuhai, China	48	207	679
144	Digital China Headquarters Tower 2	Shenzhen, China	43	206.4	677
145	OPPO Technology and Research Center	Chengdu, China	42	206	676
146	Sungang MixC Market Hall Residential Tower 3	Shenzhen, China	55	205.6	675
147	Digital China Headquarters Tower 1	Shenzhen, China	47	205.1	673
= 148	Excellence Zhonghuan Centre 1	Changsha, China	44	205	673
= 148	China Merchants Magic Cube Tower 4	Chengdu, China	43	205	673
150	Estates at Acqualina Boutique North Tower	Sunny Isles Beach, United States	52	204.8	672
= 151	China Merchants Magic Cube Tower 5	Chengdu, China	42	204.6	671
= 151	Sungang MixC Market Hall Residential Tower 1	Shenzhen, China	56	204.6	671
= 151	Sungang MixC Market Hall Residential Tower 2	Shenzhen, China	–	204.6	671
154	China Merchants Magic Cube Tower 3	Chengdu, China	49	204.2	670
= 155	Merchants Jiangshan Fenghua Tower 1	Wuhan, China	62	203.8	669
= 155	Merchants Jiangshan Fenghua Tower 2	Wuhan, China	62	203.8	669
157	8 Bishopsgate	London, United Kingdom	51	203.7	668
= 158	Greentown Jindi Fengqi Tinglan Tower 8	Wuhan, China	58	202.9	666
= 158	Greentown Jindi Fengqi Tinglan Tower 9	Wuhan, China	58	202.9	666
160	China Merchants Magic Cube Tower 1	Chengdu, China	51	202.7	665
161	Changsha Nanshan Shilimeixi Building C1	Changsha, China	48	202.2	663
162	China Merchants Magic Cube Tower 2	Chengdu, China	52	202	663
163	Yuelai Convention and Exhibition Headquarters Base	Chongqing, China	43	201.9	662
164	Nanjing Jiangbei Wondercity Tower 1	Nanjing, China	40	201.5	661
= 165	Oberoi Enigma Tower 1	Mumbai, India	59	201	659
= 165	Oberoi Enigma Tower 2	Mumbai, India	59	201	659
= 165	Park Origin Thonglor Tower C	Bangkok, Thailand	59	201	659
= 168	Anju High Tech Garden North Tower 1	Shenzhen, China	61	200.6	658
= 168	Anju High-Tech Garden North Tower 3	Shenzhen, China	60	200.6	658
170	KWG Topchain Plaza	Shenzhen, China	54	200.5	658
= 171	Downtown & Be Grand Reforma	Mexico City, Mexico	50	200.3	657
= 171	COFCO Qianhai Asia Pacific Headquarters	Shenzhen, China	42	200.3	657
= 173	M2	Mississauga, Canada	62	200	656
= 173	Victoria sur le Parc	Montreal, Canada	58	200	656
= 173	Ping An Finance Center Tower 2	Jinan, China	43	200	656
= 173	Zhuhai Shizimen Convention Center Phase 2, Tower B	Zhuhai, China	42	200	656
= 173	Yunquan Center 1	Jinan, China	42	200	656
= 173	Banque Nationale Headquarters	Montreal, Canada	40	200	656
= 173	Nanjing Vertical Forest Tower 1	Nanjing, China	–	200	656

2023 was the 10th year in a row that the world has completed 100+ buildings of at least 200 meters in height.

Key Worldwide Market Snapshots

Country Completions, 2023

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With 161 completed buildings of 200 meters or greater in height, Shenzhen, China is now home to 1 out of every 14 such buildings in the world.

City Completions, 2023

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City Records

Eighteen cities got a new tallest building, as shown below. The number of cities completing a 200-meter-plus building (57) was down from 2022's fifty-eight different cities, a decrease of 1.7 percent from 2022, and from a peak of 68 cities in 2017.

Rank	Name	City	Floors	m	ft
1	Merdeka 118	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	118	678.9	2227
2	Wuhan Greenland Center	Wuhan, China	101	475.6	1560
3	Ping An Finance Center Tower 1	Jinan, China	62	360	1181
4	Mori JP Tower	Tokyo, Japan	64	325.24	1067
5	Greenland Center 1	Hangzhou, China	67	310	1017
6	Lusail Plaza Tower 3	Doha, Qatar	64	300.65	986
7	Lokhandwala Minerva	Mumbai, India	78	300.55	986
8	Taizhou Tiansheng Center	Taizhou, China	66	299	981
9	Haikou World Trade Center	Haikou, China	55	288	945
10	Sixth & Guadalupe	Austin, United States	66	266.7	875
11	Nest One	Tashkent, Uzbekistan	51	266.5	874
12	Mohammed VI Tower	Salé, Morocco	55	250	820
13	Mahall Bomonti Izmir	Izmir, Turkey	58	240	787
14	Changchun Longxiang IBC Tower 1	Changchun, China	55	238	781
15	Inxignia	Puebla, Mexico	45	225	738
16	Fontainebleau Las Vegas	Las Vegas, United States	67	224	735
17	China Merchants Center	Ganzhou, China	47	220	722
18	M2	Mississauga, Canada	62	201	659

There were also exciting new starts of a number of record-breaking or notable 200-meter-plus buildings in 2023. In Dubai, the 85-story Safa Two de GRISOGONO began construction on the final plots of the Aykon City project. In Brazil, Sao Paulo’s Alto das Nações Torre 2 began construction with a targeted completion of 2025. In Nashville, 1000 Church Street, the city’s first 200-meter-plus building, began construction late in the year.

The 10 Tallest Completions of 2023

Impact on the World's 100 Tallest

World's 100 Tallest by Region

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Asia (excluding the Middle East) continues to host the most buildings amongst the 100 Tallest, with 63 buildings qualifying for that description at the end of 2023. The Middle East and North America are close behind, having 18 and 14 buildings, respectively. Europe is home to five of the 100 Tallest, and Oceania, Africa, and South America have yet to have an entrant into the list post-2020.

World's 100 Tallest by Function

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At the end of 2023, all-office buildings comprised 36 of the 100 Tallest. Mixed-use buildings have been a plurality in this group since 2017 and now comprise 51, with hotel-only (3 buildings) and residential-only (10 buildings) making up the rest. "Other" uses, such as government-, religious-, and university-related functions, have not been amongst the world's 100 tallest since the Soviet Union's MV Lomonosov State University was eliminated 22 years ago.

World's 100 Tallest by Material

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The abundance of buildings that use multiple materials within the primary structural system continues to dominate the world's 100 tallest, with composite and mixed structures making up 62 percent of the list. All-concrete structures, while still a common solution, now make up just 26 percent of the 100 tallest. All-steel structures have been in decline since 1960, when they peaked at supporting 93 of the world's 100 tallest buildings; today, only nine of them sport an all-steel structure. The only all-steel structure to enter the 100 tallest in the last 26 years was 30 Hudson Yards, completed in 2019.

World's 100 Tallest Average Building Height

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The average height of all completions in 2023 was 243.4 meters—a 3.1 percent increase from 2022, which had an average completion height of 236 meters. In light of this increase, 2023's new additions to the World's 100 Tallest increased the threshold for entry to 409.6 meters in 2023. A total of seven buildings entered the 100 tallest in 2023: Merdeka 118, Kuala Lumpur, at 678.9 meters; Wuhan Greenland Center, Wuhan, at 475.6 meters; Ping An Finance Center Tower 1, Jinan, at 360 meters; Huiyun Center, Shenzhen, at 359.2 meters; Il Primo Tower, Dubai, at 356 meters; Galaxy World Tower 1, Shenzhen, at 356 meters; and Galaxy World Tower 2, Shenzhen, at 356 meters.

Predictions for 2024

Of the buildings currently under construction or topped-out, 35 are supertalls (300 meters or higher); just 27 of those completing in 2024 would set a record, surpassing the 26 supertall completions in 2019 and indicating a return to the pre-COVID pace of construction. The 2024 list will most likely be led by the completion of International Land-Sea Center, Chongqing, at 458.2 meters. In light of the massive number of skyscrapers on deck, CTBUH predicts at least 150 buildings of 200 meters and higher to complete in 2024, with as many as 190 completing. Of these, we expect between 15 and 25 to be supertalls.