2443
Global
Height rank

Millennium Tower

San Francisco
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    Metrics
Height 196.6 m / 645 ft
Floors 58
Official Name
The current legal building name.

Millennium Tower

Other Names
Other names the building has commonly been known as, including former names, common informal names, local names, etc.

301 Mission Street

Type
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH 'Tallest Buildings' lists.

Building

Status
Completed
Architecturally Topped Out
Structurally Topped Out
Under Construction
Proposed
On Hold
Never Completed
Vision
Competition Entry
Canceled
Proposed Renovation
Under Renovation
Renovated
Under Demolition
Demolished

Completed

Completion

2009

Country
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.

United States

City
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.

San Francisco

Address

301 Mission Street

Function
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an "office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.

A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.

Residential

Structural Material
All-Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered an “all-steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.

All-Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars and/or steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.

All-Timber
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from timber. An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between timber elements. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered an “all-timber” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.

Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. all-steel, all-concrete, all-timber), one on top of the other. For example, a Steel Over Concrete indicates an all-steel structural system located on top of an all-concrete structural system, with the opposite true of Concrete Over Steel.

Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used within a composite building’s primary structural elements.

All-Concrete

Height
Architectural
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."

196.6 m / 645 ft

To Tip
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
196.6 m / 645 ft
Occupied
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
180.8 m / 593 ft
Floors Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).

58

Floors Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.

4

# of Apartments
Number of Apartments refers to the total number of residential units (including both rental units and condominiums) contained within a particular building.

440

# of Parking Spaces
Number of Parking Spaces refers to the total number of car parking spaces contained within a particular building.

355

# of Elevators
Number of Elevators refers to the total number of elevator cars (not shafts) contained within a particular building (including public, private and freight elevators).

14

Tower GFA
Tower GFA refers to the total gross floor area within the tower footprint, not including adjoining podiums, connected buildings or other towers within the development.

106,933 m² / 1,151,017 ft²

Rankings

  • By Location
#
2443
Tallest in the World
#
323
Tallest in North America
#
6
Tallest in San Francisco

Construction Schedule

2004

Construction Start

2009

Completed

2020

Retrofit Start

2022

Retrofit End

Structural Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
DeSimone Consulting Engineering
Other Consultant

Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Cost
AECOM
Environmental
Treadwell & Rollo
Façade

These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Curtain Wall Design and Consulting, Inc.; Enclos Corp.
Geotechnical
Treadwell & Rollo
Material Supplier

Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Cladding
Shanghai Yaohua Pilkington Glass Group Co., Ltd.
Developer
Millennium Partners
Architect
Design

Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Handel Architects LLP
Structural Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
DeSimone Consulting Engineering
Other Consultant

Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Cost
AECOM
Environmental
Treadwell & Rollo
Façade

These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Curtain Wall Design and Consulting, Inc.; Enclos Corp.; Vidaris, Inc.
Foundation
TREVIICOS NORTH AMERICA
Geotechnical
Treadwell & Rollo
Material Supplier

Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Cladding
Shanghai Yaohua Pilkington Glass Group Co., Ltd.
Foundation Equipment
Soilmec

Retrofit Companies Involved

Contractor
Main Contractor

The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
Shimmick Construction Company
Other Consultant

Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Geotechnical
Simpson Gumpertz & Heger

Global News

29 September 2021

San Francisco’s Leaning Tower Risks Massive Plumbing Failures

In San Francisco, the beleaguered Millennium Tower, which has been tilting and sinking despite efforts to correct the situation, just added plumbing challenges to the...

See more

About Millennium Tower

301 Mission Street, also known as Millennium Tower, is one of the tallest reinforced concrete structure situated in a seismic zone 4 region. The tower’s height posed many challenges and required the creative use of technologies and cutting edge innovations.

In order to meet the owner’s floor height limits, W-sec steel link beams were used as the shearwall core coupling beams. Conventional diagonally reinforced coupling beams would have required significantly more depth. The embedded region of the beam extends 1.2 meters (4ft) into the wall and transfers the beam moment by bearing on the concrete above and below the embedded beam. Conventional ties which are closely spaced in columns and beams can make it nearly impossible to place concrete. A tie system of welded grid reinforcement known as Baugrid was used, which eliminates all hooks and significantly reduces the volume of rebar. All shearwall boundary elements, Special Moment Resisting Frame columns and beams utilize the Baugrid system. The flanges of the shearwall core are reinforced by continuous Baugrids providing resistance for confinement and shear.

Global News

29 September 2021

San Francisco’s Leaning Tower Risks Massive Plumbing Failures

In San Francisco, the beleaguered Millennium Tower, which has been tilting and sinking despite efforts to correct the situation, just added plumbing challenges to the...

01 September 2021

Work to Solve San Francisco Residential Building’s Sinking Makes It Sink Faster

Foundation retrofit work was halted at Millennium Tower in San Francisco after it was found the project to prevent further sinking was in fact causing...

04 September 2019

Residents of San Francisco’s Millennium Tower Tentatively Reach Lawsuit Settlement

A settlement has been tentatively reached in a lawsuit involving tenants of the sinking Millennium Tower in downtown San Francisco, an attorney representing the luxury...

12 March 2019

Drones Used to Inspect Salesforce Tower in San Francisco Indicative of Larger Trend

Months before two cracks were discovered on interior windows of Salesforce Tower – San Francisco’s tallest building, owner Boston Properties enlisted a drone to inspect...

04 December 2018

There’s a new plan to stop Millennium Tower sinking

All sides in the Millennium Tower debacle appear to be nearing an agreement on a $100 million-plus fix to stop the 58-story high-rise from sinking...