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Height rank
432 Park Avenue
New York City
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Height
1
To Tip:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
425.7 m
/ 1,397 ft
2
Architectural:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
425.7 m
/ 1,397 ft
3
Occupied:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
392.1 m / 1,287 ft
1
2
3
Floors
Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
85
Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
3
Height
425.7 m
/ 1,397 ft
Floors
85
Official Name
The current legal building name.
432 Park Avenue
Type
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications /
Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable
floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the
structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH
'Tallest Buildings' lists.
Building
Status
Completed
Architecturally Topped Out
Structurally Topped Out
Under Construction
Proposed
On Hold
Never Completed
Vision
Competition Entry
Canceled
Proposed Renovation
Under Renovation
Renovated
Under Demolition
Demolished
Completed
Completion
2015
Country
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus
uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
City
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the
lists and codes established by that organization.
Address
Function
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is
dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an
"office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
Residential
Structural Material
All-Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered an “all-steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
All-Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars and/or steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
All-Timber
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from timber. An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between timber elements. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered an “all-timber” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. all-steel, all-concrete, all-timber), one on top of the other. For example, a Steel Over Concrete indicates an all-steel structural system located on top of an all-concrete structural system, with the opposite true of Concrete Over Steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used within a composite building’s primary structural elements.
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered an “all-steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
All-Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars and/or steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
All-Timber
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from timber. An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between timber elements. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered an “all-timber” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. all-steel, all-concrete, all-timber), one on top of the other. For example, a Steel Over Concrete indicates an all-steel structural system located on top of an all-concrete structural system, with the opposite true of Concrete Over Steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used within a composite building’s primary structural elements.
All-Concrete
Official Website
Height
Architectural
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to
the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage,
flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized
and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of
the "World's Tallest Buildings."
425.7 m / 1,397 ft
To Tip
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to
the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element
(i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
425.7 m
/ 1,397 ft
Occupied
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to
the highest occupied floor within the building.
392.1 m
/ 1,287 ft
Floors Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main
floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors.
Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than
the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general
roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it
is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level
4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
85
Floors Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor
level.
3
# of Apartments
Number of Apartments refers to the total number of residential units (including both rental units
and condominiums) contained within a particular building.
146
# of Parking Spaces
Number of Parking Spaces refers to the total number of car parking spaces contained within a
particular building.
60
# of Elevators
Number of Elevators refers to the total number of elevator cars (not shafts) contained within a
particular building (including public, private and freight elevators).
10
Top Elevator Speed
Top Elevator Speed refers to the top speed capable of being achieved by an elevator within a
particular building, measured in meters per second.
5.08 m/s
Tower GFA
Tower GFA refers to the total gross floor area within the tower footprint, not including adjoining
podiums, connected buildings or other towers within the development.
65,497 m² / 705,004 ft²
Rankings
-
By function
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
-
By material
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
#
28
Tallest in the World
#
6
Tallest in
North America
#
6
Tallest in
United States
#
5
Tallest in
New York City
Construction Schedule
2011
Proposed
2011
Construction Start
2015
Completed
Developer
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Peer Review
The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Contractor
Main Contractor
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Façade
These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Food Service
Wind
Material Supplier
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Damper
Façade Maintenance Equipment
Formwork
Interior Partition
Steel
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
Owner
56th and Park (NY) Owner, LLC
Developer
CIM Group; Macklowe Properties
Architect
Design
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Rafael Viñoly Architects
Architect of Record
Usually takes on the balance of the architectural effort not executed by the "Design Architect," typically responsible for the construction documents, conforming to local codes, etc. May often be referred to as "Executive," "Associate," or "Local" Architect, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Architect of Record" exclusively.
SLCE Architects
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Peer Review
The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Contractor
Main Contractor
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Building Monitoring
Vidaris, Inc.
Damping
Metropolitan Walters: A Walters Group Company; RWDI; ITT Enidine
Energy Concept
Vidaris, Inc.
Façade
These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Enclos Corp.; Vidaris, Inc.
Food Service
Interiors
Deborah Berke Partners
Landscape
Zion Breen & Richardson Associates
LEED
Vidaris, Inc.
Lighting
HDLC Architectural Lighting Design
Marketing
Wordsearch; Dialog Box Digital
Roofing
Vidaris, Inc.
Wind
Material Supplier
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Concrete
Ferrara Brothers
Damper
Façade Maintenance Equipment
Formwork
Interior Partition
Steel
CTBUH Awards & Distinctions
Best Tall Building Americas 2016 Award of Excellence
2016 CTBUH Awards
CTBUH Initiatives
CTBUH Study Examines Tallest Buildings with Dampers
22 August 2018 - CTBUH Research
“Living Tall” Asks: “What Will Make Tall Buildings More Livable?"
16 November 2017 - Event
Videos
20 October 2016 | New York City
Singularly Slender: Sky Living in New York, Hong Kong, and Elsewhere
Thursday October 20, 2016. Hong Kong, China. Carol Willis of The Skyscraper Museum in New York City presents at the 2016 China Conference Plenary 7:...
Research
30 July 2018
World’s Tallest Buildings with Dampers
CTBUH Research
As tall buildings continue to be built in seismically-active and cyclone-prone areas, the need to augment the structures of these buildings with dynamic modification devices...
Global News
27 September 2021
Developers Sued Over Manhattan Residential Building's Defects
The residents at 432 Park Avenue in New York City have sued the developers, CIM Group and Macklowe Properties, over a list of 1,500 alleged...
About 432 Park Avenue
The pencil-thin 432 Park Avenue represents a new generation of supertall, superslim skyscrapers. Located in the ever-opulent Midtown neighborhood, the tower is placed in the heart of Manhattan overlooking Central Park. The narrow design of the building is intentional; as Manhattan increases in density, it is becoming ever more important to maximize building heights relative to site area.
Simplicity is the defining trait of 432 Park Avenue. With a series of large glass windows set in a regular grid of exposed concrete members, the building offers few aesthetic frills, but rather rises out of the ground as a singular, white monolith. A flat roof neatly caps the rectangular structure. The straight, clean lines of the building’s façade simultaneously manage to evoke a modern aesthetic, while also reflecting Manhattan’s orderly street grid. Each floor incorporates 24 9.2-square-meter windows that add weight to the structure, creating a sense of visually stability despite its slender frame. The oversized windows will also benefit residents with ample amounts of light and uncontested views.
The building’s outward simplicity belies a complex structural scheme. A regular grid of exposed concrete creates an open basket within which seven “independent buildings” stack up, separated by spaces where building cores are exposed to the outdoor elements. These breaks allow for the deflection of wind pressures and help the building, with its 1:15 slenderness ratio, achieve structural stability.
Taken together, the orderly, almost methodical design of 432 Park Avenue manages to fully harness its small footprint without appearing to dominate its surroundings. It is clear that this type of economical design will have a lasting impact on the future of tall buildings, as it becomes more important to consider the long-term impact of buildings at such extreme height.
CTBUH Awards & Distinctions
Best Tall Building Americas 2016 Award of Excellence
2016 CTBUH Awards
Quick Facts
- The building has a height to width ration of 15:1.
Videos
20 October 2016 | New York City
Singularly Slender: Sky Living in New York, Hong Kong, and Elsewhere
Thursday October 20, 2016. Hong Kong, China. Carol Willis of The Skyscraper Museum in New York City presents at the 2016 China Conference Plenary 7:...
27 October 2015 | New York City
Interview: Carol Willis
Carol Willis of Skyscraper Museum is interviewed by Chris Bentley during the 2015 CTBUH New York Conference at the Grand Hyatt New York. Carol discusses...
26 October 2015 | New York City
Interview: Harry Macklowe
Harry Macklowe of Macklowe Properties is interviewed by Chris Bentley during the 2015 CTBUH New York Conference at the Grand Hyatt New York. Harry discusses...
26 October 2015 | New York City
Interview: Rafael Viñoly
Rafael Viñoly of Rafael Viñoly Architects is interviewed by Chris Bentley during the 2015 CTBUH New York Conference at the Grand Hyatt New York. Rafael...
26 October 2015 | New York City
The Complex Path to Simple Elegance: The Story of 432 Park
This presentation chronicles the development and design of 432 Park Avenue, New York, which, when it opens will be the tallest residential building in the...
26 October 2015 | New York City
The New Supers: Super-Slender Towers of New York
432 Park Avenue, the MoMA Tower and Steinway Tower at 111 West 57th Street are the first of a new generation of supertall buildings in...
06 November 2014 | New York City
2014 Awards - Session 1 Q&A
Dr. Peter Irwin, Founding Partner, RWDI Consulting Engineers, Michael Adlerstein, Assistant Secretary-General & Executive Director, United Nations Capital Master Plan, John Gering, Managing Partner, HLW...
06 November 2014 | New York City
Fazlur R. Khan Lifetime Achievement Award: Wind Engineering the World’s Tallest
Peter Irwin, one of the founding partners of Rowan Williams Davies and Irwin Inc. (RWDI), has led wind engineering on many of the world’s tallest...
Research
30 July 2018
World’s Tallest Buildings with Dampers
CTBUH Research
As tall buildings continue to be built in seismically-active and cyclone-prone areas, the need to augment the structures of these buildings with dynamic modification devices...
28 July 2018
Using Height-Relative Variables To Design Tall Buildings
John Jory, Queensland University of Technology
This paper investigates height-variable phenomena in the urban context, and their relevance to the design and performance of tall buildings. It proposes a design approach...
01 March 2018
Dynamic Interrelationship between the Evolution of the Structural Systems and Façade Design in Tall Buildings
Kyoung Sun Moon, Yale University School of Architecture
The emergence of tall buildings in the late 19th century was possible by using new materials and separating the role of structures and that of...
17 October 2016
Singularly Slender: Sky Living in New York, Hong Kong, and Elsewhere
Carol Willis, The Skyscraper Museum
This paper highlights a new 21st-century skyscraper typology – the very tall and slender residential tower – and analyzes the economic, engineering, and urbanistic forces...
Ermell_ccbysa.jpg)
19 January 2016
Interactive Study on Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2015
Jason Gabel, Marty Carver & Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH
CTBUH has determined that 106 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater were completed around the world in 2015 – setting a new record for...
imgur.jpg)
26 October 2015
Debating Tall: Luxury Superslims: Bane or Boon?
Michael Stern, JDS Development Group; Mary Rowe, Municipal Art Society of New York
The recent prevalence of extra-thin and tall “superslim” towers in New York, which mostly contain luxury apartments, has been controversial. We felt it was time...
26 October 2015
The Complex Path to Simple Elegance: The Story of 432 Park Avenue
Harry Macklowe, Macklowe Properties, Inc.
This paper chronicles the development and design of 432 Park Avenue, New York, which, is the tallest residential building in the Western Hemisphere, and one...
26 October 2015
The Logic of Luxury 2.0
Carol Willis, The Skyscraper Museum
This paper recaps the “what and why” of the super-slender type and gives an abbreviated illustration of the mechanics of the “logic of luxury.” The...
26 October 2015
The New Supers: Super-Slender Towers of New York
Silvian Marcus, WSP Group
432 Park Avenue, the MoMA Tower and Steinway Tower at 111 West 57th Street are the first of a new generation of supertall buildings in...
22 October 2015
New York: The Ultimate Skyscraper Laboratory
CTBUH Research
A timeline of skyscraper completions in New York uncannily resembles the boom and bust cycles of the United States in the 20th and early 21st...
MarshallGerometta.jpg)
Global News
27 September 2021
Developers Sued Over Manhattan Residential Building's Defects
The residents at 432 Park Avenue in New York City have sued the developers, CIM Group and Macklowe Properties, over a list of 1,500 alleged...
27 January 2021
Curated 79th Floor Luxury Residence Hits the Market at New York City High-Rise
“Among the clouds, at one thousand feet, exists an inner floating garden,” reads the first line of the Engel & Völkers Mercedes Berk team’s off-market...
21 January 2019
“Tower Fifth” Could Become New York City’s Second-Tallest
For decades, the New York City skyline was dominated by one building, the 1,250-foot-tall (381-meter) Empire State Building. But 17 “supertall” skyscrapers — defined as...
CTBUH Initiatives
Filter by
22 August 2018
CTBUH Study Examines Tallest Buildings with Dampers
CTBUH has released a Tall Buildings in Numbers (TBIN) interactive data study on the world's tallest buildings with dampers.
16 November 2017
“Living Tall” Asks: “What Will Make Tall Buildings More Livable?"
The third installment of the CTBUH / Chicago Architecture Foundation’s (CAF) joint skyscraper lecture series brought together a diverse group of tall building experts.
19 December 2016
Top 12 Happenings of 2016, Month-by-Month
Check out the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat's top stories of 2016 for each month and take a look ahead with the Council’s monthly predictions for 2017.
13 October 2016
Top Company Rankings: The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings
The Council is pleased to announce the Top Company Rankings for numerous disciplines as derived from the list of projects appearing in 100 of the World’s Tallest Buildings.
22 June 2016
CTBUH Names Tall Building Award Winners and Finalists
CTBUH is proud to announce the winners and finalists for the CTBUH 2016 Tall Building Awards, chosen from a pool of 132 submissions vying for recognition.
13 January 2016
CTBUH Announces 100 Supertalls Completed Worldwide
There are now officially 100 supertall (300-plus-meter) skyscrapers in the world following the completion of 432 Park Avenue in New York City.
13 January 2016
Performance and Behavior of Tall Buildings for Wind Loads
CTBUH YPC hosted an event on wind engineering and understanding its effects on tall buildings as well as to provide insight into the engineering efforts in design of shorter buildings.
28 October 2015
432 Park Avenue Residential / Construction Tour
CTBUH 2015 delegates toured 432 Park Avenue which will be the future tallest all-residential building in the World.
15 October 2015
432 Park Avenue: Design and Engineering
Presentations of the architectural and engineering design of 432 Park Avenue, the tallest residential building in the Western Hemisphere.
30 July 2015
The Current State of Slender Buildings in NYC
SHoP Architects welcomed a group of architects and engineers for a lively discussion and exchange of ideas about slender buildings.
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