82
Global
Height rank

OKO - Residential Tower

Moscow
Height
1
To Tip:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
354.2 m / 1,162 ft
2
Architectural:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
354.2 m / 1,162 ft
3
Occupied:
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
321.8 m / 1,056 ft
1 2 3 OKO - Residential Tower
  Floors
Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
90
Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
2
Height 354.2 m / 1,162 ft
Floors 90
Official Name
The current legal building name.

OKO - Residential Tower

Other Names
Other names the building has commonly been known as, including former names, common informal names, local names, etc.

OKO - South Tower, OKO Tower 1, 16 IBC Tower 1

Name of Complex
A complex is a group of buildings which are designed and built as pieces of a greater development.

OKO Business Centre

Type
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH 'Tallest Buildings' lists.

Building

Status
Completed
Architecturally Topped Out
Structurally Topped Out
Under Construction
Proposed
On Hold
Never Completed
Vision
Competition Entry
Canceled
Proposed Renovation
Under Renovation
Renovated
Under Demolition
Demolished

Completed

Completion

2015

Country
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.

Russia

City
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.

Moscow

Address

8 Presnenskaya Naberezhnaya

Function
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an "office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.

A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.

Residential / Serviced Apartments / Hotel

Structural Material
All-Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered an “all-steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.

All-Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars and/or steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.

All-Timber
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from timber. An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between timber elements. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered an “all-timber” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.

Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. all-steel, all-concrete, all-timber), one on top of the other. For example, a Steel Over Concrete indicates an all-steel structural system located on top of an all-concrete structural system, with the opposite true of Concrete Over Steel.

Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used within a composite building’s primary structural elements.

All-Concrete

Official Website

OKO

Height
Architectural
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."

354.2 m / 1,162 ft

To Tip
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
354.2 m / 1,162 ft
Occupied
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
321.8 m / 1,056 ft
Floors Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).

90

Floors Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.

2

# of Apartments
Number of Apartments refers to the total number of residential units (including both rental units and condominiums) contained within a particular building.

400

# of Hotel Rooms
Number of Hotel Rooms refers to the total number of hotel rooms contained within a particular building.

160

# of Parking Spaces
Number of Parking Spaces refers to the total number of car parking spaces contained within a particular building.

3700

Top Elevator Speed
Top Elevator Speed refers to the top speed capable of being achieved by an elevator within a particular building, measured in meters per second.

8.3 m/s

Rankings

  • By Location
#
82
Tallest in the World
#
3
Tallest in Europe
#
3
Tallest in Russia
#
2
Tallest in Moscow

Construction Schedule

2011

Construction Start

2015

Completed

Architect
Design

Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Structural Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
MEP Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Other Consultant

Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Civil
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Façade Maintenance
Lerch Bates
Landscape
SWA Group
Lighting
Fisher Marantz Stone
Security
Sato & Associates, Inc.
Wind
RWDI
Developer
Capital Group
Architect
Design

Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Structural Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
MEP Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Contractor
Main Contractor

The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
Ant Yapi
Other Consultant

Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Acoustics
Shen Milsom Wilke, Inc.
Civil
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Façade Maintenance
Lee Herzog Consulting; Lerch Bates
Geotechnical
Bilgi 2000 Engineering & Construction Ltd.
Interiors
AVROKO; Iosa Ghini Associati
Landscape
SWA Group
Lighting
Fisher Marantz Stone
Parking
Rich and Associates
Security
Sato & Associates, Inc.
Vertical Transportation
Fortune Consultants, Ltd.
Wind
RWDI

CTBUH Initiatives

 

Research

19 January 2016

Interactive Study on Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2015

Jason Gabel, Marty Carver & Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH

CTBUH has determined that 106 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater were completed around the world in 2015 – setting a new record for...

See more

About OKO - Residential Tower

Located in Moscow City, the dense, bustling financial district of the Russian capital, OKO - Residential Tower offers an elegant modern example of a residential high-rise. The structure is part of a twin tower development that includes a smaller office building, and its design is responsive to its smaller twin. The façades of the two towers are articulated with crisp diagonal folds and linked by a faceted base, generating an arresting shard effect that defines the buildings’ appearance. The canted folds allow the towers to taper away from one another as they rise, creating a dialogue between their bold, simple forms.

The towers form an L-shaped composition at the ground plane that is pulled to perimeter of the site. This placement works in tandem with the façade folds to allow the building to cant over the major roadway infrastructure that abuts the property line. A landscaped plaza sits at the base of the buildings and creates a sheltered, private garden that guides hotel guests and building residents to separate lobbies. This pedestrian-scaled space offers welcome respite from the bustle of Moscow City, where open space is a prized commodity.

The building’s all-glass façade offers several amenities that benefit its occupants. Ventilated mullions can be opened manually to allow natural air flow into the interior. These mullions also help to mitigate stack effect. Along with their practical implications, such features create a dynamic, shifting exterior.

The elegance of OKO - Residential Tower is apparent in every detail—from the clarity of its bold yet subtle forms, to the rich materials of its gracious interior spaces. It serves as a precedent for design excellence and as a key destination within Moscow City.

Research

19 January 2016

Interactive Study on Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2015

Jason Gabel, Marty Carver & Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH

CTBUH has determined that 106 buildings of 200 meters’ height or greater were completed around the world in 2015 – setting a new record for...

31 December 2014

Interactive Study on Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2014

Daniel Safarik, Antony Wood, Marty Carver & Marshall Gerometta, CTBUH

An All-Time Record 97 Buildings of 200 Meters or Higher Completed in 2014 and 2014 showed further shifts towards Asia, and also surprising developments in...

11 June 2013

The Special Nature of the European Skyscraper

Viewpoints: The London Conference

European architecture is at a crossroads. Its commercial and environmental realities are driving buildings ever-higher, but not all are convinced. In this article – contributed...

01 June 2013

The Past, Present and Future of the European Skyscraper

CTBUH Research

There are currently 109 skyscrapers over 150 meters in Europe. This number is set to jump to 161 by the end of 2015, meaning that...